Archiv der Kategorie: Workshops

VHB-ProDok Kurse

Liebe Mitglieder,

wir bitten Sie, die nachfolgenden VHB-ProDok Kurse, deren Anmeldefristen demnächst auslaufen, über Ihre Netzwerke zu verbreiten:

  1. Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis (Nadine Kammerlander, Josip Kotlar), 30./31.08.2021 und 06./07.09.2021 ONLINE
  2. Empirical Corporate Finance (Christoph Schneider, Markus Schmid), 03. bis 06.09.2021 Präsenz in Münster
  3. Longitudinal Data Analysis: Event History Models (Nikolaus Beck), 07.-10.09.2021 Präsenz in München
  4. Philosophy of Science (Rolf Brühl, Thomas Wrona), 23. bis 26.11.2021 Präsenz in Berlin

2108MS06
Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis
– 30./31 August und 6./7. September 2021 ONLINEKURS –
Nadine Kammerlander (WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management)
Josip Kotlar (Politecnico di Milano School of Management, Italy)

This course addresses young scientists of business administration who want to use quantitative or qualitative content analysis in their research. The main objective of this course is to provide participants with methodological basics and further knowledge in content analysis. After attending the course, the participants are able to:

  • identify research questions that are suitable for qualitative and quantitative content analysis;
  • understand the methodical approach of data collection and -analysis of quantitative and qualitative content analysis as well as transfer it for individual research projects;
  • identify, analyze, and deal with core problems during the planning, implementation, analysis and paper writing phase;
  • assess the quality of content analysis based on quality characteristics.

Die Anmeldefrist endet am 1. August 2021.

2103FI01
Empirical Corporate Finance
– 3. bis 6. September 2021 in Münster –
Christoph Schneider (University of Münster)
Markus Schmid (Universität St. Gallen)

The course is intended as an introduction to research in empirical corporate finance and covers both corporate finance topics as well as methods with a strong emphasis on endogeneity and identification. The general objective of the course is to present some of the most influential work in corporate finance. We will put a particular emphasis on current research, which uses state-of–the–art empirical methods. This course will provide students with a toolbox and working knowledge of cross-sectional and panel data empirical methods for use in corporate finance research. The course also aims to encourage students to explore interesting research questions in corporate finance. Finally, students will learn how to think about empirical research (questions) critically.

Die Anmeldefrist endet am 1. August 2021.

2109MS11
Longitudinal Data Analysis: Event History Models
– 7. bis 10. September 2021 vrstl. in München –
Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Beck (Università della Svizzera Italiana)

The life course of organizations as well as individuals is characterized by a succession of important events. Organizations change their strategies, their structure, their leadership etc. and might cease to exist at some point in time. Individuals move from one job to another, climb up the career ladder, or get fired. These events indicate transitions from a certain origin state, e.g. an organization before a change of the CEO, to a certain destination state, here: the same organization with a new CEO. The best empirical tool for the analysis of these transitions are techniques of event history analysis. These methods, which belong to the wider class of longitudinal data analysis, are tremendously important in management research. An impressive amount of studies in this field addresses research questions, which are related to transitions from one state to another one.
This course aims at providing students with the most relevant techniques of event history analysis. At the end of this course, students should be able to understand the theoretical concepts of event history analysis as well as to apply these methods by themselves.

Die Anmeldefrist endet am 2. August 2021.

2111MUE03
Philosophy of Science
– 23. bis 26. November 2021 in Berlin –
Rolf Brühl (ESCP Business School Berlin)
Thomas Wrona (Technische Universität Hamburg)

Die wissenschaftstheoretische Analyse ist eine Grundlage für die Beurteilung eigener und fremder Forschungsleistungen. Während jedoch bei der Lektüre eines wissenschaftlichen Aufsatzes oder Monographie die eingesetzten Methoden, wie z.B. ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Daten oder eine Regressionsanalyse zur Auswertung von Daten, zu dokumentieren sind, wird die zugrunde liegende wissenschaftstheoretische Position häufig nicht einmal erwähnt. Wer sich jedoch mit Begründungsansprüchen wissenschaftlicher Forschung und ihrer Methoden auseinandersetzen will, kommt um eine Beschäftigung mit eben diesen Positionen nicht herum. Insbesondere bei mixed-method-Studien werden zudem solche Expositionen auch von Gutachtern und Journal-Editoren zunehmend eingefordert.

Ziel des Kurses ist es daher, die Teilnehmer und Teilnehmerinnen mit den wesentlichen wissenschaftstheoretischen Strömungen und ihren für die Wissenschaft wesentlichen ontologischen und epistemologischen Positionen vertraut zu machen. Der Einstieg ins Thema erfolgt auf der Basis dreier Leitfragen im Rahmen eines „World Cafés“, die den Verlauf des Kurses strukturieren. Die Grundlagen der Wissenschaftstheorie werden von einem Dozenten vorgestellt und dienen einer gemeinsamen Diskussionsbasis für die verschiedenen Positionen. Anschließend werden die verschiedenen Strömungen der Wissenschaftstheorie und ihre wesentlichen Implikationen für die Forschungsmethoden und das Forschungsdesign durch die Teilnehmenden präsentiert, wobei jeweils Themenschwerpunkte gebildet werden. Die individuellen Präsentationen dienen dann als Grundlage für die anschließende gemeinsame Diskussion und ggf. thematische Erweiterung durch die Dozenten.

Eine wesentliche Zielsetzung des Kurses ist es, für die verschiedenen Strömungen der Wissenschaftstheorie zu sensibilisieren und grundlegende Kenntnisse über verschiedene wissenschaftstheoretische Begründungsstrategien zu vermitteln, um eine kritische Reflektion über die eigene wissenschaftliche Forschung zu ermöglichen. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt des Kurses auf der Diskussion philosophischer (wissenschaftstheoretischer) Positionen liegt, ist es ein weiteres Anliegen des Kurses, deren Bedeutung für die wissenschaftliche Praxis zu thematisieren und anhand praktischer Beispiele zu analysieren.

Die Anmeldefrist endet am 31. Juli 2021.

Informationen zu Anmeldung, Teilnahme und Zahlung finden Sie unter https://vhbonline.org/veranstaltungen/prodok/anmeldung-teilnahmebedingungen-und-zahlungsmodalitaeten.

Für Rückfragen steht Ihnen unsere Projektkoordinatorin Kathrin Schöps (kathrin.schoeps@vhbonline.org) von der Geschäftsstelle des VHB gerne zur Verfügung.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen
Tina Osteneck
Verbandsgeschäftsführerin


Verband der Hochschullehrer für Betriebswirtschaft e.V.
Reitstallstraße 7 – 37073 Göttingen
Tel.: +49 (0)551 79778566 – Fax: +49 (0)551 79778567
Email: info@vhbonline.org – URL: https://vhbonline.org

Live-Onlinekurse von CARMA für Europa zu verschiedenen Themen der Forschungsmethodik (qualitativ und quantitativ)

CARMA (Consortium for the Advancement of Research Methods and Analysis, https://carmattu.com/) bietet erstmalig Live-Onlinekurse via Zoom an, die auf die europäischen (und westasiatischen) Zeitzonen abgestimmt sind, und  in zwei Blöcken in den Zeiträumen 17.-20. Mai bzw. 24.-27. Mai stattfinden. Die Kursleitenden sind führende Methodikexpert*innen, von denen mehrere zudem aktuelle oder frühere Herausgeber*innen von hochangesehenen Fachzeitschriften sind.

CARMA ist eine Non-Profit-Organisation mit Sitz in den USA, die Weiterbildung sowie eine große Zahl an Vortragsvideos zu verschiedenen Themen der Forschungsmethodik anbietet. Das Angebot von CARMA wird von mehreren internationalen Fachgesellschaften (u.a. Academy of Management, Academy of International Business, Strategic Management Society) sowie Dutzenden Universitäten auf der ganzen Welt genutzt. Folgende Kurse werden angeboten:

17.-20. Mai 2021 (eine Option wählbar):

  • Option 1: “Advanced Regression and Interactions” – Dr. Jeremy Dawson, Sheffield University
  • Option 2: “Introduction to Multilevel Analysis” – Dr. Vicente González-Romá, University of Valencia
  • Option 3: “Case Study Methods” – Dr. Catherine Welch, The University of Sydney
  • Option 4: “Introduction to Structural Equation Methods” – Dr. Jonas Lang, Ghent University

24.-27. Mai 2021 (eine Option wählbar):

  • Option 1: “Interpretive Research Methods” – Dr. Jane Le, WHU Otto Beisheim School of Management
  • Option 2: “Advanced Multilevel Analysis” – Dr. Gilad Chen, University of Maryland
  • Option 3: “Grounded Theory Method & Analysis” – Dr. Tine Koehler, The University of Melbourne
  • Option 4: “Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with R” – Dr. Mike Cheung – National University of Singapore

Weitere Informationen zu den Kursen finden sich hier: https://carmattu.com/europe-asia-sc/

Wichtig ist zudem, dass CARMA bis Ende April eine vergünstigte Anmeldegebühr (siehe CARMA-Website) sowie mehrere Freiplätze (drei pro Kurs, Windhund-Verfahren) anbietet. Um Interesse an einem dieser Freiplätze zu bekunden, ist vor der Anmeldung eine E-Mail an den Direktor von CARMA, Prof. Larry Williams (larry.williams@ttu.edu), mit den Stichworten „Sponsor Comp“ im Betreff, zu senden. Das CARMA-Team assistiert dann bei der kostenlosen Anmeldung.

IHRM Webinar Series with Dave Collings: Global Talent Management, Global Mobility and Covid-19: Where have we been and where are we going?

About this Series

This event is part of a IHRM Webinar Series, organized by the Centre for Global Workforce Strategy at Simon Fraser University (Canada), the Penn State Center for International Human Resource Studies (USA), and ESCP Business School (Europe).

About the Presentation

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted almost every industry and organization. As organizations that operate across national borders, multinational enterprises have been particularly impacted by the pandemic. Drawing insights from ongoing research on the role of HR in responding to the crisis and also on the role of learning and development in enabling the post-Covid workforce this session will reflect on what the pandemic means for global talent management and global mobility. It will provide some key thoughts on the directions which future research in this space could evolve to better understand these important phenomena.

The presentation will be presented by David Collings, Professor of HRM at Dublin City University Business School in Ireland. The session will be moderated by Marion Festing, Professor of Human Resource Management and Intercultural Leadership at ESCP Business School, Berlin, Germany.

About the Speaker

David Collings is Professor of HRM at Dublin City University Business School in Ireland where he is co-director of the Leadership and Talent Institute. He was due to be James M. Flaherty Visiting Professor at the Beedie School at Simon Fraser University this summer but his visit has been postponed owing to current circumstances. Prior to joining DCU, he held faculty positions at the University of Sheffield, and the National University of Ireland, Galway. He has been a visiting Fulbright Scholar at Cornell University and has also held visiting positions at King’s College London and Nanyang Business School in Singapore.

He is a leading international expert on the future of work with a particularly focus on talent management and global mobility. His work focuses on how organisations can develop more strategic approaches to managing talent and delivering sustainable performance. He is a regular speaker at corporate events and his recent speaking and consulting engagements include organisations such as the Abbott, Abbvie, the Danish Confederation of Industry, EADS Airbus, GE, Medtronic, Novartis and Stryker. He has been named as one of the most influential thinkers in the field of HR on four occasions by HR Magazine. He has published numerous papers in leading international outlets including Harvard Business, and eleven books and his work is regularly cited in media and other outlets.

About the Moderator

Marion Festing is a Professor of Human Resource Management and Intercultural Leadership at ESCP Business School, Berlin, Germany. Her current research activities combine her interests in international HRM and talent management in various institutional and cultural contexts with diversity and inclusion. Marion’s publications include articles in journals such as Human Resource ManagementJournal of World Business, and Academy of Management Perspectives.

Date: Thursday, November 19, 2020

Time: CET: 17:30-18:30

Location: This event will be hosted on Zoom

Event Access: Zoom access link will be emailed to all registered 24 hours, and 1 hour, prior to the event

Cost: Complimentary, RSVP required

Registration

Call for Applications: EGOS Pre-Colloquium Post-Doctoral & Early Career Scholars Workshop 2021

Paths to a Meaningful Career

The progress of research in organizational studies relies upon the commitment and the creativity of advanced PhD students, post-doctoral fellows and junior scholars who explore new questions, new methods and new phenomena. EGOS puts special emphasis on supporting the academic development of younger scholars and their positioning and integration in the academic community/ies.

The purpose of the EGOS pre-Colloquium Post-Doctoral & Early Career Scholars Workshop is to facilitate the academic socialization of junior scholars. We aim to provide an arena for explorations of challenges faced by early career scholars relating to the different dimensions of academic work, including research (and funding), teaching, administrative duties and community service.

This workshop is an active exchange, based on a dialogue among junior and senior academics that seeks to strengthen junior scholars’ involvement with the EGOS com­munity and to help them in finding their ways in academia. It will be taking place on Tuesday, July 6, 2021, prior to the main 37th EGOS Colloquium.

Content and Objectives

To our understanding, the main challenge in an academic career is to balance between personal passions and preferences on the one hand, and the needs of and pressures from various parties on the other, while sustaining a meaningful career over time. How do we manage these conflicting demands, and how do we achieve impact and relevance in our careers? These questions nag any academic, let alone early career scholars, and so we aim to create a space for their discussion.

In 2021, the pre-Colloquium Post-Doctoral & Early Career Scholars Workshop will focus on presentations, discussions and small-group workshops dedicated to:

  • Developing a better understanding of the various dimensions of academic work, their rationale, and their importance in various stages of your academic career
  • Reflecting upon your identity and voice as a researcher, an educator and a citizen of various academic communities (for example, within your institution, EGOS, AoM, etc.), with an opportunity for hands-on exchange about diverse career paths and ways to achieve relevance and impact
  • Thinking of your career, and the interplay of serendipity and strategic action in navigating it, including hearing the experiences of senior scholars who will reflect on their career paths, highlighting failures, dead ends and missed opportunities – and what they have learned from them – as much as about what brought them motivation and joy

Application Guidelines

To be considered for participation in the pre-Colloquium Post-Doctoral & Early Career Scholars Workshop 2021, applicants should have completed their doctoral dissertation within the last five academic years (excluding maternity leave or similar).

Please apply for admission to the workshop by Tuesday, January 12, 2021 at the latest and upload – via the EGOS website – a single PDF file that contains the following mandatory information:

  • A letter of application, containing name, affiliation, postal & e-mail address, as well as an explaining your motivation to participate
  • An extended abstract (1 page) outlining your main area of work or a current paper project
  • Your curriculum vitae
  • An aspirational curriculum vitae, explaining where you would like to see yourself in 10–15 years in terms of your academic achievements and focus. This can be written as a free text or as a list-like CV, as long as you also explain your choices and reflect upon the major challenges you will face in your efforts to move from you current CV to your desired one (2 pages at maximum)

Please note!

  • Participants in the workshop will be selected based on their potential benefit from – and contribution to – the conversations in the workshop.
  • Applicants will be notified of acceptance by March 1, 2021. Given the interactive nature of the workshop, the number of participants will be limited. Please keep in mind that registration for the workshop must be submitted separately from your registration for the main 37th EGOS Colloquium.
  • Upon acceptance to the workshop, participants will be given the opportunity to revise and finalize their extended abstract and aspirational CV up until June 1, 2021 (fixed deadline) and upload it via the EGOS website.
  • Between June 1 and the workshop (July 6), each participant will be asked to review at least one extended abstract and the CVs of another participant.
  • We expect your full commitment once your application has been accepted and you have agreed to participate: a late cancellation effectively blocks an opportunity for one of your colleagues.

Participants are strongly encouraged to apply for the pre-Colloquium workshops offered on Wednesday, July 7, 2021, as well as to consider the submission of a paper to one of the sub-themes at the main 37th EGOS Colloquium 2021 in Amsterdam. All details are – respectively: will soon be – available on the EGOS website.

Further Information:

https://www.egosnet.org/jart/prj3/egos/main.jart?rel=de&reserve-mode=active&content-id=1601422622358&subtheme_id=1601422622360

PhD Workshop: „How to design surveys and experiments for top tier publishing”

Being able to design experiments and surveys is a key qualification for anyone who wants to do any type of behavioral research. However, despite a lot of effort and resources invested, often experiments and surveys are designed suboptimally or are outright flawed. This also means that the chances to publish such studies in top-tier journals will be seriously limited. In this four-day PhD (and junior faculty) seminar, we will teach how to design and conduct experiments and surveys that rigorously test theory.

Additional emphasis will be laid on typical challenges when designing, recruiting for, analyzing, and writing up experiments and surveys. This will also include coverage of online studies.

The seminar consists of a mix of extensive prereading of key articles, to-the-point in-class discussion, and actual designing of own research projects within the seminar using Questback or Qualtrics and the Amazon’s MTurk platform.

At the end, participants will be able to confidently design their own behaviorally-oriented studies, and potentially already have a running start with one of them.

Lecturers: Niels Van Quaquebeke & Christian Tröster

Guest lecture by the AMJ Editor in Chief,  Laszlo Tihanyi

Date: Dec 7th to 10th

Language: Seminar language is English.

Location: If the situation continues to allow, the seminar will take place on the campus of the KLU in Hamburg, strictly following our COVID19 hygiene plan. Else we will prepare an online version.

Registration

The 8th Austrian Early Scholars Workshop in Management

The Eighth Austrian Early Scholars Workshop in Management is an opportunity for advanced PhD students and academics in early career stages from all countries to present their research and discuss it with colleagues and professors from international and Austrian universities. In addition to facilitating intellectual exchange, this program supports the development of a global network of young graduates interested in management and organization studies from institutional, organizational and behavioral perspectives.

Workshop Conveners & Faculty Members                                                                                             Robert M. Bauer, Professor of Organization & Innovation (JKU)
Giuseppe Delmestri, Professor of Change Management & Management Development (WU Vienna)

Faculty
John Amis, Professor of Strategic Management & Organisation (University of Edinburgh)
Regine Bendl, Professor of Gender & Diversity (WU Vienna)
Elango Elangovan, Professor of Organizational Behavior (University of Victoria)
Matthias Fink, Professor of Innovation & Entrepreneurship (JKU & ARU Cambridge UK)
Royston Greenwood, Professor of Strategic Management (Alberta University)
Bob Hinings, Professor of Strategic Management (Alberta University)
Renate Meyer, Professor of Organization Studies (WU Vienna & Copenhagen Business School)
Renate Ortlieb, Professor of Human Resources (University of Graz)
Markus Reihlen, Professor of Strategic Management & Digital Transformation (Leuphana University)
Elke Schüßler, Professor of Organization (JKU Linz)
Michael Smets, Professor in Management & Organization Studies (Oxford University)

Target Group and Eligibility
The target group of the workshop is early career scholars who intend to pursue an academic career in the fields of organization and management theory, strategy, innovation, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, HRM, international management or public management. The workshop is open to academics in early stages of their academic careers and PhD students who have already completed a substantial part of their dissertation projects. The Austrian Early Scholars Workshop is open to and invites research that draws from a broad range of theoretical and methodological approaches. Given several faculty members’ extensive expertise in institutional theory, the Workshop provides an environment particularly conducive to research in this area.

Application Process
Applicants are requested to email a CV and a short essay (max. 2,000 words; excluding bibliography) to georg.reischauer@jku.at by March 10, 2020. This short essay should summarize the research to be presented in the workshop. Notification of acceptance is sent no later than March 20, 2020. A longer paper – either an extended essay (max. 4,000 words) or a full paper (max. 8,000 words) – must be sent by April 30, 2020 for distribution to discussants and workshop participants.

Workshop Format
All participants present a research study during the workshop. A selection of works is presented in plenary sessions (eighteen minutes for presentation, followed by ten minutes for feedback from two discussants and ten minutes for open discussion); others are discussed at roundtables consisting of three or four early scholars and two faculty members (five minutes for presentations followed by everyone at the roundtable providing feedback based on their advance reading of the paper, and open discussion). To be able to contribute fully to the discussions and help their fellows’ research, participants are required to prepare by reading their colleagues essays and papers prior to the workshop. Essays and papers are distributed electronically one week prior to the workshop.

Program and Fees
The workshop commences on at 10 a.m. on May 14. We adjourn no later than 5 p.m. on May 15. There are no workshop fees for accepted participants. The workshop dinner on Thursday is covered by the organization.

Program Coordination
Georg Reischauer & Roman Duffner, Institute of Organization Science at JKU Linz.
Email: georg.reischauer@jku.at & roman.duffner@jku.at

Conference Venue
The workshop is held at the JKU Campus in Linz, Austria. For more information, see
https://www.jku.at/en/campus/the-jku-campus/

Accommodation
Participants are responsible for their travel arrangements and accommodation. We reserved hotel rooms close to the campus. The program coordinators will contact accepted participants and, if desired, provide support with booking suitable accommodation.

For further information

Wiley Early Career Researchers Workshop

Wiley will be holding an Early Career Researchers workshop, in Berlin, on 11th March 2020 and they are looking for participants from the Business, Social Sciences and Humanities subject areas.

Location
Wiley-VCH,
Rotherstraße 21, 10245 Berlin, Germany

Criteria
Level: Masters to post-doc (<5 years)
Must have publishing experience, i.e. published a paper

Wiley are offering €100 EUR for attendees and will also cover all reasonable travel expenses.  Lunch and a Wiley water bottle will also be provided.

The workshop will be a great chance for Early Career Researchers to exchange ideas with peers, meet with editors in person, better understand the role of a publisher and how to find support.

Please feel free to distribute this email further. If you have any suggestions for participants, please contact the organiser, Paul Trevorrow, by Friday 6th December. He will then send a formal invitation and full details.

Paul Trevorrow
Executive Journals Editor
E: ptrevorr@wiley.com

13th International Research Workshop „Methods for PhD“

Empirical research is seeking through methodological processes to discover, hopefully, nontrivial facts and insights. Beside choosing a topic and grounding an idea in theory, empirical research consists of gathering and analysing data as well as presenting results in scientific contexts in order to contribute new issues to the body of acquired knowledge – not only to someone‘s own but also to that of others.

Our workshop tackles these steps of your research project:

  • Gathering data via (un)structured interviews and analysing standardised survey data and
  • using the computer for qualitative data analysis and as a tool for statistics.

These steps will strengthen the cooperation in empirical research to boost and streamline one’s project.

The 13th International Research Workshop will take place at the Akademie Sankelmark (near Flensburg) and the University of Southern Denmark (SDU) – Campus Kolding from 15 – 20 September 2019. The workshop programme is online now. You are welcome to register for the Newsletter to get updated information on the International Research Workshop and other PhD related activities.

Workshop zum Thema „Ethnographic Research“

In diesem Jahr wird im Rahmen der VHB-ProDok Seminare ein Workshop zum Thema „Ethnographic Research“ angeboten. Dieser Kurs ist für Nachwuchswissenschaftler und findet vom 24. bis 27. September 2019 in Berlin statt. Das Ziel dieses Kurses ist es, den TeilnehmerInnen die methodologischen Grundlagen der Ethnographie zu vermitteln und sie dazu befähigen ethnographisch zu forschen. Der Kurs verschafft einen Überblick über die Geschichte der Ethnographie, ordnet diese innerhalb der qualitativen Sozialforschung ein und vermittelt die verschiedenen klassischen als auch neueren Ansätze der Ethnographie. Des Weiteren liegt der Fokus des Kurses auf dem Prozess des ethnographischen Forschens. Hierfür werden Schlüsselfragen des Forschungsdesigns, des Feldzugangs, der Datenerhebung und -analyse, der Rolle des Forschers im Feld sowie der Niederschrift der Ergebnisse behandelt. Der Kurs wird von Frau Prof. Dr. Jana Costas (Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt an der Oder), Frau Prof. Christina Garsten (Stockholm University) und von Herrn Prof. Dr. Hannes Krämer (Universität Duisburg-Essen) gelehrt.

Anmeldefrist: 25. August 2019

Weitere Informationen

The 7th Austrian Early Scholars Workshop in Management

The Seventh Austrian Early Scholars Workshop in Management is an opportunity for advanced PhD students and academics in early career stages from all countries to present their research and discuss it with colleagues and professors from international and Austrian universities. In addition to facilitating intellectual exchange, this program supports the development of a global network of young graduates interested in management and organization studies from institutional, organizational and behavioral perspectives.

The 7thAustrian Early Scholars Workshop in Management will take place from May 6th – 7th2019 at the Vienna University of Economics and Business & Virtual.

Submission Deadline:

Long paper/Full paper: must be sent by 28thApril

For further information